Publications

Also on Google Scholar. Works currently under blind review are omitted.

Journal Articles

Word Predictability as a Measure of Second Language Proficiency Holmes, L., Crossley, S. A., Morris, W., & Choi, J. S. (2026). Language Learning.

Assessing Fairness in Finetuned Scoring Models with Demographically Restricted Training Data Holmes, L., Morris, W., Crossley, S., & Choi, J. S. (2026). Assessing Writing.

Distinguishing Effective Writing Styles in the PERSUADE Corpus Morris, W., Holmes, L., Choi, J. S., & Crossley, S. A. (2025). Journal of Writing Research.

Automated Scoring of Constructed Response Items in Math Assessment Using Large Language Models Morris, W., Holmes, L., Choi, J. S., & Crossley, S. (2024). International Journal of Artificial Intelligence in Education.

Formative Feedback on Student-Authored Summaries in Intelligent Textbooks Using Large Language Models Morris, W., Crossley, S., Holmes, L., Ou, C., Dascalu, M., & McNamara, D. (2024). International Journal of Artificial Intelligence in Education.

PIILO: An Open-Source System for Personally Identifiable Information Labeling and Obfuscation Holmes, L., Crossley, S. A., Sikka, H., & Morris, W. (2023). Information and Learning Sciences.

Assessing Receptive Vocabulary Using State-of-the-Art Natural Language Processing Techniques Crossley, S., & Holmes, L. (2022). Journal of Second Language Studies, 6(1), 1–28.

Conference Proceedings

Psychometric Analysis of LLM Differential Sensitivity to Word Predictability Using Explanatory MFRM Morris, W., Holmes, L., & Crossley, S. (in press). Psychometrics Workshop at Learning Analytics and Knowledge (LAK).

The Effects of AI Feedback on College Students' Reading and Writing Performance in an Intelligent Text Framework Shen, S., Wise, A. F., Morris, W., Holmes, L., Hinze, S. R., & Crossley, S. (in press). Proceedings of the 16th International Conference on Learning Analytics & Knowledge (LAK). Dublin, Ireland.

LLM Prompt Evaluation for Educational Applications Holmes, L., Coscia, A., Crossley, S. A., Choi, J. S., & Morris, W. (2025). Workshop on Epistemics and Decision-Making in AI-Supported Education (EDM-AIED). AIED, Palermo, Italy.

Exploratory Assessment of Learning in an Intelligent Text Framework: iTELL RCT Crossley, S. A., Morris, W., Choi, J. S., & Holmes, L. (2025). Proceedings of the 12th ACM Conference on Learning @ Scale. Palermo, Italy.

Uncovering Differential Sensitivity Toward Linguistic Features of Cohesion in Large Language Models Morris, W., Holmes, L., Choi, J. S., & Crossley, S. A. (2025). Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol. 15882. AIED, Palermo, Italy.

AI Enhanced Intelligent Texts and Learning Gains Crossley, S. A., Morris, W., Choi, J. S., Holmes, L., & Joyner, D. (2025). 6th Workshop on Intelligent Textbooks. AIED, Palermo, Italy.

iScore: Visual Analytics for Interpreting How Language Models Automatically Score Summaries Coscia, A., Holmes, L., Morris, W., Choi, J. S., Crossley, S., & Endert, A. (2024). Proceedings of the 29th International Conference on Intelligent User Interfaces (IUI), 787–802.

How AI Evaluates Learner Comprehension: A Comparison of Knowledge-Based and Large Language Model (LLM)-Based AI Approaches Kim, M. K., Kim, J., Bae, Y., Morris, W., Holmes, L., & Crossley, S. A. (2024). Proceedings of ICLS/CSCL. ISLS, Buffalo, NY.

The Cleaned Repository of Annotated Personally Identifiable Information Holmes, L., Crossley, S. A., Wang, J., & Zhang, W. (2024). Proceedings of the 17th International Conference on Educational Data Mining (EDM). Atlanta, GA.

Using Intelligent Texts in a Computer Science Classroom: Findings from an iTELL Deployment Crossley, S., Choi, J. S., Morris, W., Holmes, L., Joyner, D., & Gupta, V. (2024). 8th Educational Data Mining in Computer Science Education Workshop. EDM, Atlanta, GA.

Focus Time and Writing Performance in an Intelligent Textbook Choi, J. S., Morris, W., Holmes, L., & Crossley, S. A. (2024). Educational Data Mining in Writing and Literacy Instruction Workshop. EDM, Atlanta, GA.

Automatic Question Generation and Constructed Response Scoring in Intelligent Texts Morris, W., Choi, J. S., Holmes, L., Gupta, V., & Crossley, S. (2024). Leveraging Large Language Models for Next Generation Educational Technologies Workshop. EDM, Atlanta, GA.

Deidentifying Student Writing with Rules and Transformers Holmes, L., Crossley, S. A., Morris, W., Sikka, H., & Trumbore, A. (2023). Proceedings of the 24th International Conference on Artificial Intelligence in Education (AIED). Tokyo, Japan.

Using Transformer Language Models to Provide Formative Feedback in Intelligent Textbooks Morris, W., Crossley, S., Holmes, L., Ou, C., McNamara, D., & Dascalu, M. (2023). Proceedings of the 24th International Conference on Artificial Intelligence in Education (AIED). Tokyo, Japan.

Using Transformer Language Models to Validate Peer-Assigned Essay Scores in Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs) Morris, W., Crossley, S. A., Holmes, L., & Trumbore, A. (2023). Proceedings of the 13th International Conference on Learning Analytics and Knowledge (LAK). Houston, TX.

Deidentification of Student Writing in Technologically Mediated Educational Settings Holmes, L., Crossley, S. A., Haynes, R., Kuehl, D., Trumbore, T., & Gutu, G. (2023). Proceedings of the 7th Conference on Smart Learning Ecosystems and Regional Development (SLERD).